Competitor Analysis Essay Example for Free

Competitor Analysis Essay Tata Nanos competitors can be classified on three scales Economy, Performance and Convenience. Based on Economy Though Tata Nano was launched as the 1 Lakh car, its exact price range varies between Rs.1.59 lakhs to Rs.2.23 lakhs in the market at present. With this price range, in the four wheelers category there is Maruti 800, Maruti Suzuki OMNI, Maruti Alto 800 and Hyundai Eon which has a price lesser than Rs. 3 Lakh. Being the cheapest car available in India, they also have competitors in the two and three wheeler segments. Tata Nano would be the next best option for this segment of customers if the budget limit is in this range. Tata Nano positions itself to be a family car available to those who can afford a bit more than they would spend for a two wheeler. Based on Performance Tata Nano has a 624 cc engine and has a maximum power of 37.4 bhp. Compared to its counterparts in the same price range, Tata Nano has a disadvantage on its engine capacity and maximum power. Mileage is also a crucial factor for consumers in India who look for Value for Money products. Tata Nano claims a mileage of 22.2 Kmpl for its base model and this compromises on its engine capacity and other performance characteristics. Most of the other features of the probable competitors of Tata Nano are almost at parity with it. Based on Convenience During the planning stages of Tata Nano, the team of engineers who designed the vehicle faced the toughest challenge of releasing a car that was both attractive as well as cheap. Tata Nano is 8% shorter and has 21% more interior space than Maruti 800. Tata Motors Limited have given due importance for the design of this low budget car to not lose out in the market just because of it being unattractive. It has the best in class maneuverability lowest turning circle diameter. The weight of the vehicle is just 600 kg which is also comparatively lesser than Maruti and Hyundai Cars. This could be taken as both an advantage as well as a disadvantage. But in this case, the light weight of the vehicle contributes to some of the crucial distinguishing features of the car mentioned above. Some of the major launches by competitors that are specially focused to give competition to the Tata Nano are Bajajs RE60 and Renault has also announced that it would be releasing a new car in this category. None of the launches against Nano could disrupt Tata Nanos market share significantly. Tata Nano is also planning to bring in variations to its initial model to get in line with its re-launching scheme of focusing on a the youth segment than the family segment. Comparison of Specifications of Tata Nano and its closest competitors Top 10 best-selling cars in India

Poland during World War 2 Essay -- essays research papers

I. History of Poland After the Partitions of Poland (1772-1795), which had decreased the size of the country, giving most of the land to Russia, Prussia, and Austria-Hungary. The First World War provided a practical chance for Poland to restore its independence. The powers, which had separated the country more than one hundred years earlier, were fighting on opposite sides. Germany with the Austro-Hungarian Empire (the Central Powers) fought Imperial Russia allied with France and Great Britain. Polish troops, under their own banners, also joined the fight. At first, under the command of the anti-Russian revolutionary Jà ³zef Pi ³sudski, Polish battalions were formed to fight Russia. But in 1917, after a number of successful operations against Russians, the legions were disbanded and Pi ³sudski was tossed into jail when the Polacks refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Central Powers. Meanwhile, with the fall of its monarchy, Russia's grip on Poland began to slowly decrease to nothing. This enabled the Polacks to organize a Polish army in France to fight against the Central Powers. Russia was defeated first and Germany and Austria soon followed . Finally, on November 11, 1918, Poland re-emerged as a free nation after 123 years of captivity. However, some problems remained. After the Communist Revolution Russia was determined to carry the flame, so successfully kindled at home, to Poland, Germany and beyond. In 1920, not quite two years after regaining independence, Poland was forced to fight again to maintain its sovereignty and to defend Europe. II. Pre World War II The brief, nineteen-year period of peace following the war and lasting until 1939 was marked by a consolidation of the three partitioned territories, which for over one hundred years had belonged to an alliance of different countries. It also marked a time of vigorous economic growth for Poland. In the early 1920s German intrigues in the Free City of Gdansk prevented the free flow of Polish trade through that port. Poland's response was to build a new port in the small fishing town of Gdynia. By 1938, Gdynia became the busiest port in the Baltic Sea and provided serious competition for Gdansk. In south-central Poland, construction of an industrial complex began in 1936. It had hydroelectric power plants, steel works, aircraft manufacturing, machinery, ammunition and fertilizers. In 1938 P... ...d and they were rounded up and sent to ghettos in towns and cities. The two largest ghettos were established in Warsaw and Lodz. Between 22nd July and 3rd October 1942, 310,322 Jews were deported from the Warsaw ghetto to these extermination camps. Information got back to the ghetto what was happening to those people and it was decided to resist any further attempts at deportation. In January 1943, Heinrich Himmler gave instructions for Warsaw to be free of all Jews by Hitler's birthday on 20th April. Warsaw contained several resistance groups. The largest was the Polish Home Army. There was also the Jewish Military Union and the communist Jewish Fighter Organization (ZOB) led by Mordechai Anielewicz, Yitzhak Zuckerman, Gole Mire and Adolf Liebeskind. On 19th April 1943 the Waffen SS entered the Warsaw ghetto. Although they only had two machine-guns, fifteen rifles and 500 pistols, the Jews opened fire on the soldiers. They also attacked them with grenades and petrol bombs. The Germans took heavy casualties and the Warsaw military commander, Brigadier-General Jà ¼rgen Stroop, ordered his men to retreat. He then gave instructions for all the buildings in the ghetto to be set on fire.

Quantitative Technique

What is a linear programming problem? Discuss the scope and role of linear programming in solving management problems. Discuss and describe the role of linear programming in managerial decision-making bringing out limitations, if any. 2. Explain the concept and computational steps of the simplex method for solving linear programming problems. How would you identify whether an optimal solution to a problem obtained using simplex algorithm is unique or not? a)What is the difference between a feasible solution, a basic feasible solution, and an optimal solution of a linear programming problem? )What is the difference between simplex solution procedure for a `maximization’ and a `minimization’ problem? c)Using the concept of net contribution, provide an intuitive explanation of why the criterion for optimality for maximization problem is different from that of minimization problems. Outline the steps involved in the simplex algorithm for solving a linear programming maximiz ation problem. Also define the technical terms used therein. 3. â€Å"Linear programming is one of the most frequently and successfully employed Operations Research techniques to managerial and business decisions. ’ Elucidate this statement with some examples. †¦2†¦ †¦2†¦ 4. Describe the transporation problem and give its mathematical model. Explain, by taking an illustration, the North-West Corner Rule, the Least Cost Method and the Vogel’s Approximation Method to obtain the initial feasible solution to a transportation problem. Discuss the various methods of finding initial feasible solution of a transportation problem and state the advantages, disadvantages, and areas of application for them. 5. What is an assignment problem? It is true to say that it is a special case of the transportation problem? Explain. How can you formulate an assignment problem as a standard linear programming problem? Illustrate. What do you understand by an assignment problem? Give a brief outline for solving it. 6. What are different types of inventories? Explain. What functions does inventory perform? State the two basic inventory decisions management must make as they attempt to accomplish the functions of inventory just described by you. 7. What is queuing theory? What type of questions are sought to be answered in analyzing a queuing system? Give a general structure of the queuing system and explain. Illustrate some queuing situations. What is queuing theory? In what types of problem situations can it be applied successfully? Discuss giving examples. 8. What is a replacement problem? Describe some important replacement situations and policies. Briefly explain the costs which are relevant to decisions for replacement of depreciable assets. Illustrate their behaviour and explain how the optimal time for replacement of an asset can be determined. †¦3†¦ †¦3†¦ 9. What kinds of decision-making situations may be analysed using PERT and CPM techniques? State the major similarities between PERT and CPM. Under what circumstances is CPM a better technique of project management than PERT? A construction company has received a contract to build an office complex. It has frequently engaged itself in constructing such buildings. Which of the two network techniques, PERT and CPM, should in your opinion, be employed by the company? Why? 10. Describe the steps involved in the process of decision making. What are pay-off and regret functions? How can entries in a regret table be derived from a pay-off table? 11. What do you understand by Markov processes? In what areas of management can they be applied successfully? What do you understand by transition probabilities? Is the assumption of stationary transition probabilities realistic, in your opinion? Why or why not? 12. Explain how the probability tree helps to understand the problem of Markov processes. Explain the method of calculation of ending up in each absorbing state when a chain beings in a particular transient state. What is fundamental matrix of Markov chains? What does it calculate? 13. What is simulation? Describe the simulation process. State the major two reasons for using simulation to solve a problem. What are the advantages and limitations of simulation? `When it becomes difficult to use an optimization technique for solving a problem, one has to resort to simulation’’. Discuss. â€Å"Simulation is typically the process of carrying out sampling experiments on the models of the system rather than the system itself. ’’ Elucidate this statement by taking some examples. †¦4†¦ †¦4†¦ 14 . A company has three offers for its existing equipment in one of the divisions. The first buyer is willing to pay Rs. 50,000 at the end of 8 years’ period. The second buyer offers Rs. 39,000—consisting of an immediate payment of Rs. 14,000 and Rs. 25,000 after 6 years. The third buyer agrees to buy the equipment for Rs. 29,000 payable right away. Which is the best offer for the company if it can earn an interest @ 8% per annum on the money received? 15. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative techniques of forecasting. When is a qualitative model appropriate? Briefly discuss the Delphi method of making forecasts. 16. a)How do you distinguish between resource leveling and resource allocation problems? State and explain an algorithm for resource allocation. b)Explain the following as they are used in PERT/CPM (i)Beta distribution, and (ii) Budget over-run. †¦5†¦ †¦5†¦ 17. The following table gives data on normal time and cost, and crash time and cost for a project. `Duration (Weeks)Total Cost (Rs) Activity NormalCrashNormalCrash 1 – 232300450 2 – 333 75 75 2 – 453200300 2 – 544120120 3 – 441100190 4 – 632 90130 5 – 6 31 60110 i)Draw the network and find out the critical path and the normal project duration. ii)Find out the total float associated with each activity. iii)If the indirect costs are Rs. 100 per week, find out the optimum duration by crashing and the corresponding project costs. iv)With the crash duration indicated, what would be the minimum crash duration possible, ignoring indirect costs? 8. What is a `game’ in game theory? What are the properties of a game? Explain the â€Å"best strategy’’ on the basis of minimax criterion of optimality. Describe the maximin and minimax principles of game theory. †¦6†¦ †¦6†¦ 19. Explain the steps involved in solut ion to dynamic programming problems. Explain the following in the context of dynamic programming: (a)Stages (b)States (c)Pay-off function (d)Recursive relationship 20. A political campaign for election to the parliament is entering its final stage and pre-poll surveys are medicating a very close contest in a certain constituency. One of the candidates in the constituency has sufficient funds to give five full-page advertisements in four different areas. Based on the polling information, an estimate has been made of the approximate number (in thousands) of additional votes that can be polled in different areas. This is shown below. No. ofArea Commercial AdsABCD 0 0 0 0 0 1913117 21517115 31212325 425232129 531252733 Using dynamic programming, determine how the five commercial ads be distributed between the four areas so as to maximize the estimated number of votes.

Real Gas Definition and Examples

A real gas is a gas that does not behave as an ideal gas due to interactions between gas molecules. A real gas is also known as a nonideal gas because the behavior of a real gas in only approximated by the ideal gas law. When Real Gases Differ From Ideal Gases Usually, its fine to use the ideal gas law to make calculations for gases. However, the approximation gives considerable error at very high pressure, near the critical point, or near the condensation point of a gas. Unlike ideal gases, a real gas is subject to: Van der Waals forces;Compressibility effects;Non-equilibrium thermodynamic effects;Variable specific heat capacity; andVariable composition, including molecular dissociation and other chemical reactions. Real Gas Example While cool air at ordinary pressure behaves like an ideal gas, increasing its pressure or temperature increases the interactions between molecules, resulting in real gas behavior that cannot be predicted reliably using the ideal gas law. Sources Cengel, Yunus A. and Michael A. Boles (2010). Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach (7th Ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 007-352932-X.Xiang, H. W. (2005). The Corresponding-States Principle and its Practice: Thermodynamic, Transport and Surface Properties of Fluids. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-045904-2.